What Happens To Your Finances When You Die In Singapore?

Technically speaking, all the monetary value that the deceased left behind belongs to his or her estate. This estate includes bank accounts, investments, and properties. The only exceptions are the assets held in the trust and the individual’s CPF money.

All the assets will be frozen once a person passes away. The professional assigned to go through the departed’s Will is known as an executor. An executor is usually a family lawyer or a trusted relative. He or she applies to be granted probate, which is a court order empowering the executor to settle all the remaining assets.

Say that the deceased did not make a legitimate Will and has an estate of about S$50,000. The surviving family members may go to the Public Trustee for them to divide the assets according to the Intestate Succession Act.

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This is why it is recommended to write your own Will while you are still alive. In fact, a straightforward online tool that can help you with that is called the WillMaker. It costs about S$89.

WILL YOU BE LIABLE FOR THE DECEASED’S DEBTS?

After the funeral costs are sorted out, the executor will liquefy the estate to pay off the deceased’s outstanding debts. Outstanding debts encompass the unpaid taxes, mortgages, credit card bills, utility bills, and so on. When the court is satisfied with all the debt payments, the remaining assets can be distributed to the beneficiaries according to the Will.

You are fortunate to know that the surviving family members are not legally responsible for the debts left behind by the deceased in Singapore. A surviving family member will only be held liable for the debts, if they have a joint loan account with the deceased.

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Now, let us move on to the HDB flat left behind. HDB homeowners have a signed a mandatory insurance known as the Home Protection Scheme (HPS). This insurance protects families from losing their HDB flats in the event of death, total permanent disability, and terminal illness. HPS insures members up to age 65 or until the housing loans are paid.

Sources: 1 & 2

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Surefire Ways To Avoid Maximizing Your Credit Card

Though created differently, all credit cards have a limit. The credit limit dictates the maximum amount an issuer allows a borrower to spend on a single card. Ideally, your balance should fall below the limit. You see, maximizing your credit card can hinder you from making additional charges.

Employ these tips to ensure that you spend less than your credit card limit.

#1: TRACK YOUR SPENDING

It goes without saying that awareness of your spending habits will help you control your credit card usage. Monitor your billing statements by checking your balance in the bank’s online app or website. Staying on top of your spending will help you foresee any event leading up to going beyond your limit. Thus, you must adjust your expenses accordingly.

#2: CHECK YOUR BALANCE REGULARLY

Before making a purchase, check your available credit balance using your bank’s mobile app. If your credit card issuer does not have an online app, call the bank instead. You can find the contact details at the back of your plastic card.

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Doing so lets you determine whether you should postpone your purchase or to pursue the checkout counter on the spot.

#3: DO NOT INCREASE YOUR LIMIT RIGHT AWAY

Say that you have been constantly spending beyond your credit card limit. You may think that the logical step to take is to ask for a limit raise. However, asking for a limit raise within six months of receiving it can indicate that you are having financial difficulties. Issuers may be less willing to trust you with more credit.

Waiting for bank to automatically increase your credit limit is the best option. This way, you will be able to employ strategies dedicated to spending within your means.

#4: STICK TO THE THIRTY PERCENT

The easiest way to stay within your credit card limit is to provide a cushion. Keeping a cushion of about 30% of your actual credit card limit helps you avoid going overboard. For instance, Mary has a credit card limit of S$5,000. She must not swipe her card after hitting the S$3,500 mark.

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This threshold must apply to all of your credit cards and not just the banks you owe huge money too.

Sources: 1 & 2

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Must-Read: Important Investment Questions Answered

WHY IS RISK TOLERANCE A FACTOR TO INVESTMENT?

Determining your preferences is the initial step to investing. Under it is risk tolerance. Risk tolerance is basically how much you are willing to gamble in any event. It can impact how you shape your portfolio. You see, the pressing need to acquire the money can make you shift towards conservative investments.

If you are worried that you are missing out on a higher earning potential, then your investments may be too conservative. On the other hand, constantly fearing the condition of your investments can mean that you are carrying too much risks. This is why you must quantify your risk tolerance by taking quizzes.

As I entered the investment scene under a renowned international institution, I was given a risk tolerance questionnaire with 16 questions. It helped me to identify the appropriate asset classes that suited my mindset.

CAN YOU RISK IT ALL BY PICKING YOUR OWN STOCKS?

I have to admit that becoming the mastermind of your portfolio sounds attractive. However, picking your own stocks can potentially become a disaster for newbie investors. Studies have shown that choosing your own stocks is almost always a losing proposition even for the professional traders. The risk versus the rewards of owning stocks are simply not in your favor.

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Why is this so? For starters, you are more likely to incur trading fees when you trade more stocks. This will eat any money you would make. Accept that you do not own a crystal ball. You cannot perfectly select the stellar companies over the dull ones. So, seek professional help whenever possible.

WHAT IS A BOND?

Whenever I give a talk about financial indepence, I always get asked about the different asset classes. Bonds is among the common ones. A bond is a fixed income investment in which an issuer or investor loans money to an entity. Entities such as companies or governments borrow the funds for a definite period of time, involving an interest rate. These bonds are used by said entities to raise money or finance a variety of projects.

For instance, an airline might take up a bond loan from the government if wants to purchase a variety of new planes. This type of loan involves a specific period and fixed investment rate. Said rate is determined by a number of factors such as the economy’s climate.

If you are comfortable with getting less money in return, then you will benefit from investing on bonds. You may think that bonds are less risky than others. However, this statement is not entirely true. Bonds are usually less risky than stocks when you are comparing products from the same issuing company. Institutions that offer bonds include Singapore Government Securities and ABF Singapore Bond Fund.

WHY IS IT CRUCIAL TO BE DIVERSIFIED?

By definition, diversification is the process of allocating capital in a way that reduces the exposure to any one particular asset or risk. Say that you invested all your money on one company. Your money will go down the drain when it goes bankrupt. Owning 2,000 shares from various companies can cushion the bankruptcy of two or more companies. It is essentially better to invest small pieces of wealth in multiple companies rather than investing it all in one.

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Simply put, diversification means that you will not put all your eggs in one investment basket. Being diversified applies to all the industries or asset classes that you will invest in. Try to invest a mix of stocks and bonds or a mix of industrial sectors. The broader your portfolio is, the more likely you are to weather a market storm.

Sources: 1 & 2

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Who Handles Money Better: Men Or Women?

Each gender may argue that they are better in handling finances than their counterpart. That is completely understandable! From being more conservative when spending money to comparing investment plans, men and women generally have different attitudes toward money. So, how will we know which gender is better?

#1: WHO HAS MORE CPF?

The Central Provident Fund (CPF) is a mandatory comprehensive savings plan for working Singaporeans and Permanent Residents. It is primarily used to fund retirement, housing, and healthcare needs. Whether you believe it or not, Singaporean women were observed to leave a greater part of their CPF untouched compared to the Singaporean men. Said women enjoyed a better rate of interest in the long run.

The conservative trait of these women extends to their choice of cars. Women tend to own more “practical cars” with less running costs than men. Does this conservatism extend to investments?

#2: WHO IS MORE CONFIDENT IN INVESTING?

When it comes to investing money, a study showed that men are more confident than women. Attitude towards investments can influence the growth of wealth.

As I have said above, women seem to steer away from risks. They tend to stick to low-risk low returns instruments such as the bank account. On the other hand, men were more knowledgeable in diverse investment instruments. They prefer to invest their money in asset classes with high returns and low risks.

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#3: WHO IS MORE LIKELY TO ASK THE PROFESSIONALS?

Women are more likely to ask for directions than men. The same idea applies to their management of financial woes. They are not afraid to ask for help.

A report published by an Australian publication found that 53% of women against 44% of men were more likely to seek professional advice from financial planners. Women do whatever it takes to keep their finances healthy!

#4: WHO IS MORE LIKELY TO PAY IN ADVANCE?

Spending habits can significantly affect how one saves money. Empirical evidence claims that women spend a greater percentage of their earnings on daily expenses whereas men seem to spend their earnings occasionally. Personally, my partner rarely shops for his own clothes. Do not get me started with how often I shop!

Additionally, men and women differ in debt payment. Men are more likely to use the cash advances than women. You see, an American survey found that 92% of female participants paid a late fee at one point or as opposed to only 23% of male participants.

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In conclusion, each gender possesses a superior trait in specific categories. While, the less “superior” gender compensates in other categories. Working together to balance out your strengths and weaknesses can be the best bet!

Sources: 1, 2, & 3

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Will High Interest Rates Affect The Local Stocks?

In my road towards financial independence, I decided to invest some of funds to grow my wealth. I encouraged my colleagues to do the same by inviting a reputable insurance agent in the workplace. The insurance agent stressed how one’s risk level play an integral part in his or her actions. For many investors, they are worried about losses and interest rates.

Interest rates in Singapore are not set by the central bank or Monetary Authority of Singapore. Instead, the rates are determined by the global market and are strongly affected by the United States.

THE FED

In an attempt to control inflation, the United States’ federal fund rate is used by the Federal Reserve (or the Fed). The Fed attempts to shrink the supply of money available for purchasing by increasing the federal funds rate. Doing so makes earning money hard and expensive to obtain.

The question of “how stocks would react when interest rates rise” is essential for many market participants. Interest rates can have a significant impact on the price that investors are willing to pay for varying asset classes. For instance, investors tend to prefer lower risk and high yield investments like bonds over stock.

Truth be told, increasing federal funds rates does not directly affect the stock market. The institutions who borrow money from the Fed are directly affected by these rates. However, I cannot deny the daunting ripple effect.

Since it costs more to borrow money from the Fed, financial institutions (e.g., local banks) often increase the rates they charge for the clients to loan money. Individuals are affected through elevation in credit card and mortgage interest rates.

CHASING THE MONEY

Stocks and other asset classes such as bonds, real estate, and cash are in a constant race for the investors’ capital. Theory states that investors should not pay up for stocks when interest rates are high. Firstly, businesses experience decreased consumer spending and increased cost of borrowing money. Secondly, bonds and other asset classes such as fixed deposits are seen as more attractive.

On the other hand, when rates are low, it makes sense to bid up stocks. Bonds are not capable of generating a decent return during this time. Everything comes down to the risk-reward profile of the investment. When interest rate rise, the risk-reward for bonds become more attractive as the yields are higher than when interest rates were lower.

CONSUMER BEHAVIOR

Changes in the interest rates can have diverse effects on the consumers’ spending habits. It depends on a number of factors including projected rate changes, consumer confidence, and overall health of the economy.

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As an illustration, consumers may be influenced to spend less money if they believe that the purchasing power of their dollars will be eroded by inflation.

BOTTOM-LINE

Movement in interest rates can affect both the investors’ and the consumers’ sentiments. Investors will be worried about the asset classes that they will partake in. Long-term investors know that these changes will only affect the prices of their assets in the short run. However, short-term investors know that these rates are significant.

Let us move on to the consumer behavior. Consumers tend to borrow more when rates are low and save more when rates are high. They must decide when to save or spend money.

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Economist Mark Skousen once said:

“The reality is that business and investment spending are the true leading indicators of the economy and the stock market. If you want to know where the stock market is headed, forget about consumer spending and retail sales figures. Look to business spending, price inflation, interest rates, and productivity gains.”

Sources: 1, 2, 3, 4, & 5

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