In 2012, French hypermarket chain Carrefour has exited our shores. It pulled out due to not “being competitive enough”. You see, they believed that they could not achieve a leadership position in the medium and long term perspective in the country. Why is this so? Perhaps, they were not able to study our customer culture very well. It is surprising to see the local downfall of a hypermarket chain who runs as the second largest mega-retailer right after Walmart in