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What should you invest in? Equities or Bonds?

What should you invest in? Equities or Bonds?

The answer depends on two major factors: how young/ old you currently are, and the riskiness of your job. To elaborate, it is good to understand some basic concepts:

There are basically two types of investment products, bonds and equities.

Company issue bonds, which is borrowings with a fixed rate of return (interest rate). Bond holders do not own the company, so do not get to vote in company decisions.
Company sell shares, which is equity to shareholders. Shareholders own parts of the company, so they get to vote in company decisions, as such, shareholders also undertake the risk the company takes.

Basically, it shows the simplified balance sheet of companies.

The revenue that company earns goes back to pay business expenses (eg. employee salaries, tax, etc), before paying for the interest owed to bondholders, leaving what is left as the profit.

The company can then choose to distribute part of the profit as dividends.

So in the 3 scenarios, they look like:

Normal economy – Revenue minus business expenses minus interests for bonds equals profit.
Boom – Revenue increases by quite a bit, minus business expenses which is more or less fixed, might increase a little bit, minus interests payable to bondholders which is the same, and leaves quite a lot of profit. Shareholders then get to share in the profit.
Recession – Revenue dropped by a lot, minus business expenses which is roughly the same, maybe drop a bit only because you can retrench some staff, but can’t retrench everyone, minus interests payable to bondholders which is the same, leaves very little as profit.

In the event the company goes bankrupt, it will have to pay the bondholders first, because in bonds, they owe money to bondholders. After that, any money left then goes on to paying the shareholders.

In the case of stocks and shares, share cycles typically lasts 8 to 10 years.

Total earning potential is the sum of your earnings from today until the day you retire. Given the above, which total earning potential scenario is higher?

When you first started work fresh out of university or
After working for some years and possibly earning at your peak?

The answer is obviously the former, where you first started your first job in your twenties. Why is this so?

Imagine that you retire tomorrow, your total earning potential will then be your salary today + your salary tomorrow.

This means when you first started work, you have a long earning timeframe until you potentially retire. While counterintuitively, when you are possibly earning at your peak after several years of working experience, you may not have a high total earning potential.

Diversification is then spreading your investments over a number of assets to reduce risk.

What this means is:

Age wise

When you are young – you behave like a bond (because if you get fired when you are young, it is easier to find a new job because your salary is still low, and got more time to accumulate wealth)
- So when you are young (bonds) – you should buy equities
When you are old – you behave like a share (because more risky, less time to accumulate wealth and see through the stock market cycle)
- So when you are old (equities) – you should buy bonds

Occupation wise

When you are in a low risk job (eg. government sector, teacher although I know thatnowadays the “iron rice bowl” is not as low risk as it usedto be) – you behave like a bond (less chance to get fired)
- So when you are in a low risk job (bonds) – you should buy equities
When you are in a high risk job (eg. private sector, banking) – you behave like an equity (more chance to get fired, but got potential to earn a lot in good times)
- So when you are in a high risk job (equity) – you should buy bonds

Image Credits: pixabay.com (License: CC0 Public Domain)

So there you have it. Depending on where you are in your career life cycle, and whether your career behaves like equity or bond, invest accordingly to achieve the desired diversification effect.

“Work hard, save up to invest, retire young.”

Do You Really Have What It Takes To Be A Trader?

Do you want to trade as a career but, you do not know where to start? How about you get to know yourself first?

Begin the journey by examining your relationship with money and life. Do you view life as a daily struggle or as an endless opportunity? Have you lost money recently through your daily activities and are you hoping that the financial markets will treat you better?

Wherever you are right now and whatever your belief system is, your personality will influence your perspective on your profits and losses. This is why it is important to include self-worth into the mix. Analyze your strengths and weaknesses and examine whether you have what it takes.

Marc Pearlman shared his observations based on his experiences as a professional trader and money manager. According to him, here are the tangible qualities that aid in success at day trading:

1. POURING HARD WORK

It is no surprise that hard work tops the list. Since trading is a skill, it needs to be developed through time. A lot of people view trading as a hobby or as a substitute to gambling however, this should not be the case. People only end up bad when they treat financial markets as casinos and not as businesses.

2. PRACTICING DISCIPLINE

Marc compared trading to going to the gym. For example, people may have been frequenting the gym and yet have no noticeable changes in a year. He says it is be due to the lack of discipline and goal-setting, which I agree on. Trading is no different. You must have discipline and concise strategy to reach your goal!

3. KNOWLEDGE IN PROBABILITIES

Making money through trading does not mean that you have to be perfect all the time by making right calculations. Instead, the key is to lose as little as possible when your call is wrong and gain as much as possible when your call is right.

4. LETTING GO OF THE DESIRE TO BE ALWAYS RIGHT

If you would rather be right than make money then, trading may not be for you. In trading, you cannot be right all the time! Furthermore, some may even be wrong more than they are right.

Image Credits: pixabay.com (License: CC0 Public Domain)

To accompany these desirable qualities, here is a website that I found that can help you test your skills in Mathematics, Logical Sequence, and more. You may adjust the difficulty by choosing either Easy, Medium, or Hard.

4 Tips You Need To Know Before Buying A Home As A Single Singaporean

According to the latest Population Trends report, single-hood rates are highest among lower-educated Singaporean men in their 30s and 40s and among higher educated women. It is clearly observable that the number of unmarried Singaporeans have been growing over the years but that does not stop one to contemplate about purchasing his or her own flat.

With the hefty housing prices in the market today, can an individual with an average income really afford a huge investment single-handedly?

To tell you honestly, the answer is YES!

It is possible, but you have to consider these few things:

1. KNOW ABOUT THE AVAILABLE SCHEME AND GRANT

In 2013, the government introduced a scheme that allows first-timer singles aged 35 and above earning up to S$5,000 a month to purchase a 2-room flats in “non-mature” estates. At that year, HDB launched 3,861 flats for sale in Sengkang, Bukit Merah, and Yishun under the Build-To-Order (BTO) exercise.

This relatively new scheme is called Single Singaporean Citizen (SSC). As you are aware of, before SSC, singles could only buy either private properties or resale HDB flats which can be costly! Thus, this will give a great opportunity for all the singles out there that are planning to become home owners despite of their average incomes.

Say you are an unwed Singaporean who just turned 35 a few months ago and you draw an average of S$3,000 a month, you can be entitled to receive the Special CPF Housing Grant (SHG) worth S$10,000. However, the eligibility of SHG is only given to first-timer citizen who is applying for a 2-room flat in non-mature estates. Furthermore, his or her average gross monthly income must not exceed S$3,250.

By knowing the available scheme and grant, one can safely conclude that owning a 2-room flat in Singapore is possible without the need to fork out loads of cash upfront.

2. ANALYZE YOUR BUDGET

Since purchasing a house is probably the biggest financial commitment you have at this point, it must be planned carefully. Before you start looking for a flat in the non-mature estates, know what you can afford as well as what you need to pay for first. Even if you are purchasing a new private property, you will need to reserve extra money to cover repair, taxes, and maintenance. Affordability is certainly a huge issue!

3. PROTECT WHAT YOU OWN

There is a huge sense of comfort and independence in owning your own home wherein you make your own decisions as days go by. Along with that comes the responsibility to take care of yourself. It is important that you have sufficient insurance to cover your health and your life.

Image Credits: pixabay.com (License: CC0 Public Domain)

4. CONSULT THE PROFESSIONALS

As I said before, buying a home is a huge commitment to make. This is why you must take your time and do your research with the available resources you have. Aside from this, it is always a good idea to talk to real estate agents or to consult a financial adviser beforehand.

Sources: 1, 2, & 3

Aside From Warren Buffett, Here Are 4 Broadly Successful Investors You Need To Know

When you think of “successful investors”, one name comes to mind of most and that is Warren Buffett. With his amazing record, who would not be impressed? But, as time passes there are a few names that stand out in the shadows. Here are four of them:

1. HOWARD MARKS

Number 318 in the Forbes’ 2015 list of United States billionaire, Howard Marks has an estimated net worth of US$2 billion (or S$2.8 billion). Majority of his wealth came from the “Oaktree Capital Management” which he founded. Oaktree Capital Management, an investment firm trading in New York Stock Exchange, focuses on private equity, distressed debt, and high-yield bonds. Furthermore, his book entitled: “The Most Important Thing: Uncommon Sense for the Thoughtful Investor”, was praised by no other than Warren Buffett.

2. WILL DANOFF

Majority of investors have heard of the Fidelity Investments. Fidelity Investments is the family company managed by Edward Johnson III and his daughter. Without him, the world may not have the discount brokerage market that it has today. As Fidelity Investments became one of the biggest discount brokerage firms, they launched Fidelity Contrafund in 1990. Fidelity Contrafund is so huge that US$1 of every US$8 invested in Fidelity’s stock funds goes there.

Image Credits: pixabay.com (License: CC0 Public Domain)

And, the single manager behind Contrafund is Will Danoff. Under his reign, the Contrafund achieved an average annual return of 12.50% despite all odds in its lifetime. Dannoff is truly a very impressive investor.

3. SULEIMAN KERIMOV

From someone who made US$250 (S$355) a month to a multi billionaire, that is the inspirational financial story of Suleiman Kerimov. He started to work as an accountant for an electrical plant. To illustrate his previous uncomfortable situation, he and his wife used to live in the workers’ hostel attached to the plant. He made a transition into banking and found his initial investment grow rapidly. With this, he added even more investments. And, the rest was history.

4. JOE ROSENFIELD

An investor whose returns were better than Warrant Buffet’s deserve a spot on the list. And that is no other than Warren Buffett’s friend named Joe Rosenfield. If you are a fan of the Silicon Valley, he is also a good friend of Robert Noyce. Joe Rosenfield is an American businessman who is best known for transforming his US$11 billion (S$15.64 billion) into US$1 billion (S$1.42 billion) for the endowment fund of Grinnell College.

He has an undeniable talent for determining top investment opportunities such as the Sequoia Fund back in 1977. But, his heart still resides in Grinnell College wherein he created a Rosenfield Scholarship that helped students pay for their Grinnell education. Now, that is a great way to give back!

Image Credits: pixabay.com (License: CC0 Public Domain)

Sources: 1 & 2

5 Ways to Make Money Like Singapore Billionaire Peter Lim

Peter Lim is one of Singapore’s best known billionaires. Besides owning the image of Cristiano Ronaldo, the man is famed for his candid sharing and no nonsense remarks. Here’s some of the things we can pick up from him, even if we’re not high flying stock traders:

1. It’s Easier to Build than to Trade

“It’s very difficult to make money from trading. People who get rich are those who buy a company, build it, run it. Most of the traders, they come, they make money, because they have this gambling instinct. They take the money and spend it. The minute they lose money, they got no money to pay up.”

For those of you into equities, it’s a sober comment on stock trading. Most people won’t get rich doing it. If you have significant capital, maybe it’s better to consider setting up a small side business first – even if you don’t succeed, you’ll at least have a better understanding of how they operate.

For those of you who aren’t into equities, take it as a personal finance lesson. If you want to have a consistent income stream, don’t count on things like the resale value of your flat, or your gold and watch collection. You’ll have a more reliable shot at wealth by building a small side-business (however many attempts it takes).

2. Always be Braced for Losses

When you are holding stocks, if it goes up, don’t be too happy; when it goes down, don’t be too sad. Otherwise, how? Your life will also be fluctuating and you’ll die of a heart attack.
If you really lose sleep over it, maybe the best way is to keep the money in the bank.

What would happen if you bought S$5,000 worth of shares today, and you find they’re worth S$3,000 tomorrow? Would you have the ability to simply move on and chase the next dollar?

If the answer is no, you haven’t got the right mindset to get rich through trading. It is important that you have the psychological resilience to accept losses and gains (which carry their own perils, like overconfidence). It will also impact your career and happiness, if you feel a need to track your stock prices every 30 minutes.

If you don’t have the required sense of calm, then don’t get involved. Get a financial advisor to handle your investments, or keep it in your CPF (you’ll get better returns than from the bank).

3. Think Long Term When Investing

You have to invest with a longer-term mindset. You buy a good stock, leave it there for 10 years. Come 10 years, this dollar can be many, many multiples. I think the trick is really to think long-term. You may not have a lot of money, but you have a lot of time. The minimum length of my investments are five to six years, if not 10 to 12 years.

This is somewhat related to point 1. If you’re eager to trade and go for short term profits, you might get rich – but you’re making it much harder to do so. Remember, every trade requires two correct decisions: when to buy, and when to sell. Even if you get one right, you are likely to get the other one wrong.

For those of you who aren’t investing, this should be a call for you to start. Even a small amount of money, invested over 10 or 15 years in a reliable asset, can amount to significant sums.
If you invest just S$200 a month, at a return of 5% (achievable with most index funds and insurance policies), you would have over S$59,000 at the end of 15 years.

4. Don’t Just Work, Pay Attention to How Your Company is Run

Mr. Lim didn’t actually get a huge head start. Some of his early jobs were waiter, cook, and taxi driver. It was only much later that he became a stockbroker. During his rise, Mr. Lim learned a lot from the fast food chain Red Rooster, where he worked as a cook. Systems, management processes, logistics, accounting, etc. are all instrumental if you want to understand how well a business runs, and will come in useful when you want to invest or run your own.

So rather than just doing your job, poke your nose around. Find out how your company’s business model works, where it fails and succeeds, and which are the skills critical to its running.

5. It’s About Making a Good Deal, not a Good Sale

You make money when you buy, NOT when you sell.

Value investors already know this, but it’s worth a reminder. Rather than buy something and hope it grows in value, buy it cheaper and wait for it to return to its usual price. We especially love this one, because it’s so applicable in personal finance – taking the time to look for a better deal is the surest way to “make” money. Whether you’re buying a second hand car, or buying a melon at the supermarket.

One way to save money is to pay with a cashback credit card, which gives you a small discount on your purchases when you meet a minimum purchase amount. As long as your bill is paid in full each month, you always avoid paying full price. SingSaver.com.sg has a list of good cashback cards to get you started.

(This article is brought to you by SingSaver.com.sg)

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